C borehole seismic data and the calculated first arrival incident. Our customized, reliable, highresolution solutions bridge the gap between surface seismic and the wellbore. Schlumberger customers may acquire complimentary single copies of this book from their schlumberger. With the development of reservoir imaging and characterization projects, the trend is now to requalify borehole seismic as a complementary and necessary tool. Overview of borehole seismic methods environmental. Boreholeexplosion and airgun data acquired in the 2011. Boreholeimaging logs provide video, density, gammaray, acoustic, andor electrical images of the borehole face. The borehole log and a vertical seismic profile section 2. Borehole seismic tools have evolved from singlecomponent sensors to. Surface and borehole seismic characterization of the boise. Our industryleading borehole seismic energy sources and downhole array technologies are supported by our experienced, dedicated experts worldwide.
A borehole seismic acquisition system is described with a plurality of sensors arranged so as to identify within the data measured by the pressure sensors p and swave related signals converted at the boundary of the borehole into pressure waves, the sensors being best arranged in groups or clusters sensitive to pressure gradients in one or more directions. Borehole seismic tomography borehole seismic tomography enables the definition of the quality of ground through an analysis of variations in the velocity of seismic shock waves. The current industry standard for processing microseismic data builds velocity models with log data sonic log, density log, and perhaps crossdipole sonic. At the bhrs, we integrated surface and borehole seismic methods to locate seismic boundaries and better constrain the hydrologic models. Seismic imaging directs an intense sound source into the ground to evaluate subsurface conditions and to possibly detect high concentrations of contamination. Borehole tomography is apparently a viable method for imaging interhole structure. Our borehole seismic services offer application design, data processing, and interpretation for detailed reservoir description that improves production and field development. Our offering includes imaging and processing of vertical seismic profiling vsp and microseismic data. It is implemented in a borehole either by placing the seismic shots on the surface and taking the measurement in the hole at a varying depth topdown method, or by.
Seismic imaging of reflectors in the sg4 borehole, middle. Borehole seismic quantitative diagnosis of a seismic velocity. These processes build the stunning landscapes of the region, but also produce. Boreholeexplosion and air gun data acquired in the 2011. Borehole imaging logs provide video, density, gammaray, acoustic, andor electrical images of the borehole face. Our internationally acclaimed subsurface imaging centers apply innovative methods to get the most out of potential field, borehole seismic and surface seismic data. The information obtained from cross borehole tomography, when properly interpreted in the context of all available information, can often be invaluable for preparing accurate geological cross sections for reservoir development and planning. The principal wave types are the refracted p and s waves and the two. Rosa, 20, boreholeexplosion and airgun data acquired in the 2011 salton seismic imaging project ssip, southern californiadescription of the survey. This combination provides operators with improved data quality while minimizing rig time.
Willis earthresourceslaboratory department of earthandplanetarysciences massachusetts institute oftechnology cambridge. Industrystandard wireline image tools, topcombinable with openhole wireline tools commonly used in the framework of iodpicdp. Semore offers a fully independent microseismic processing and survey design service based on our proprietary software, divine. Borehole seismic quantitative diagnosis of a seismic velocity model for 3d seismic imaging of subsurface structures.
From simple timedepth data to imaging deep into the reservoir, we deliver. For more than half a century, the check shot has helped to correlate time. Borehole geophysics, velocity analysis, modelling, multicomponent. High resolution 3d seismic imaging using 3c data from.
Pdf seismic imaging using image point transform for. A site investigation through integration of reservoir properties, seismic imaging, and borehole and surface gravity data richard a. Sheline 1998 demonstrated the viability of using a vertical hydrophone array in their borehole reflection imaging programs. Microseismic image multistage hydraulic fracturing monitoring figure 4. Borehole seismic surveys, also known as vertical seismic profiles vsp, are versatile downhole measurement techniques used in the oil field offering significant benefit of linking timebased.
We have over 25 years of continuous microseismic processing, development and application experience covering onsite realtime data acquisition and processing, near real time processing, off site and reprocessing of legacy data. The source and receivers each occupy a number of stations, usually regularly spaced over a depth range that includes the zone of interest in the. Borehole seismic data processing software halliburton ibhs nextgeneration data processing softwar incorporates advanced proprietary processing techniques to address the basic to the most complex reservoir imaging challenges. Nov 19, 20 the salton seismic imaging project ssip, funded jointly by the national science foundation nsf and the u.
An image of the subsurface is obtained by applying a depth migration algorithm together with a suitable velocity model. Property values conform to geologic layers and faults apparent in the seismic image that guided the interpolation. Borehole seismic measurements have also overcome dif. Advantages the principle advantage of borehole seismic data is that the frequency content is consistently much higher than surface seismic data recorded over the same location. We deliver accurate and unbiased results superior to those of larger service companies. High count channels acquisition conclusion to address the current challenges of complex surveys the borehole seismic technology has seen tremendous developments during the last decade on the hardware side.
An area of ground is imaged, which allows the reconstruction of a model of this internal area. This 5 day course explains the principles and applications of borehole imaging with a strong emphasis on practical application to hydrocarbon exploration and production. There is a progression in both complexity and benefits from check shot and synthetic seismogram to vertical seismic profiles vsp, three. Correlation between crosshole survey, velocity log synthetic seismogram, and surface seismic reflection section. Combination of surface and borehole seismic data for robust target. Primary use of the ast would be with seismic sensors deployed in an adjacent well or wells to provide cross well imaging or sensor orientation of fracture monitoring instrumentation. Borehole seismic imaging a full waveform inversion approach creator. The common depth point cdp seismic section indicates the difficulty in picking a precise reef location from surfacecollected seismic data alone figure 4. The highest resolution 3d imaging and monitoring technology for managing oil and gas reservoirs today is provided by large borehole seismic arrays recording 3c data generated by standard surface seismic sources deployed over a wide area around one or several receiver wells.
Borehole seismic services baker hughes, a ge company. At borehole seismic llc, borehole, surface, and shallowburiedarray microseismic is our specialty. To acquire seismic tomography data, a source of seismic energy is lowered to the survey depth in the source borehole, and receivers are lowered to an appropriate depth in one or more boreholes that are used to record the seismic data. Poor seismic imaging in the vicinity of salt domes is a wellknown problem in major hydrocarbon basins such as the gulf of mexico and the north sea. Borehole seismic, llc bringing energy production home. The idea of locating a receiver downhole and a seismic source at surface is not new. The pages found under surface methods and borehole methods are substantially based on a report produced by the united states department of transportation.
These images will demonstrate that the ultralarge borehole seismic array is a highly cost effective geothermal reservoir imaging tool. Statement of work seismicreflection, electricalresistivity. Applications of borehole imaging to hydrocarbon exploration. From the imperial valley southward into the gulf of california, plate motions are rifting the continent apart. Development and test of a 300c fiber optic borehole seismic. First field test of napl detection with high resolution borehole seismic imaging jil t. Cross borehole tomography can be thought of as an extension of sonic logging to the reservoir cross section between two boreholes. Borehole imaging tools principles and applications by philippe gaillot, tim brewer, philippe pezard, and enchao yeh doi. Orbital vibrator seismic source for simultaneous p and swave crosswell acquisition.
They provide direct access to the measurement of attenuation q, estimation of geometric divergence, identi. The improved borehole seismic instrumentation is now driving the development of new, innovative and high resolution processing technologies for borehole seismic data. Lvl capabilityformation valuation level capability if applicable geophysics borehole seismic services. Pdf borehole seismic surveys, also known as vertical seismic profiles vsp, are versatile. Single well seismic imaging and reverse vsp applications for the downhole seismic vibrator. Many subsurface imaging problems cannot be solved without a 3d survey, and when a survey also needs to be performed in the borehole, the solution is 3d vertical seismic profile vsp technology. The term borehole imaging refers to those logging and dataprocessing methods that are used to produce centimeterscale images of the borehole wall and the rocks that make it up. Receivers called geophones, analogous to microphones, pick up echoes that come back up through the ground and record the intensity and time of the echo on computers. Qcompensated imaging combines attenuation q1 estimation with attenuationcompensated reverse time migration qrtm. Seismic reflection, electricalresistivity imaging, and calibration borehole dataacquisition and analysis services broad top coalfield, bedford, fulton, and huntingdon counties, southcentral pennsylvania bureau of geological survey pennsylvania department of conservation and natural resources 2019 i. The uncertainty profiles vary with depths and azimuths, revealing the complexity of velocity model uncertainties and providing some clues for further velocity updating.
The borehole seismic images that will be generated using the data recorded with a 200 level 3c array will lower the risk of misplacing. Paper 2029 presented at the 1997 society of exploration geophysicists annual intl. Borehole seismic data processing and interpretation. Borehole seismic imaging reservoir characterization. Fundamentals of borehole seismic technology schlumberger.
In the coachella valley, the plates are sliding past one another along the san andreas and related faults fig. Krahenbuhl, cericia martinez, yaoguo li, and guy flanagan. This crossborehole velocity tomogram from lines 1991, originally shown by harris et al. In particular, we show that an optimum window approach, similar to one used in surface seismic imaging. Source positions were chosen to provide a borehole seismic image along a northtosouth line parallel to a surface seismic line and about 400 ft 122 m west of the nearest production well.
Boss borehole optical seismic sonde avalon sciences ltd. Fundamentals of borehole seismic technology borehole seismic data provides the critical depth and velocity parameters needed to link surface seismic data with downhole log and well data. Comparisons of geophysical and medical imaging cseg. Borehole seismic tomography enables the definition of the quality of ground. From simple timedepth data to imaging deep into the reservoir, we deliver the link between geophysics and geology. Tomography involves production of an image of a medium from. The context is, therefore, that of open hole, but some of the tools are closely related to their casedhole equivalents. The system is entirely passive downhole with sophisticated electronics remaining at the surface in a controlled environment. High resolution 3d seismic imaging using 3c data from large. Jones instrument corp,amphenol steward enterprises,appalachian geophysical surveys,auslog pty ltd. All content is posted anonymously by employees working at borehole seismic. First field test of napl detection with high resolution.
Borehole imaging tools principles and applications. Schlumberger customers may acquire complimentary single copies of this book from their schlumberger representative. Seismicreflection, electricalresistivityimaging, and calibrationborehole dataacquisition and analysis services broad top coalfield, bedford, fulton, and huntingdon counties, southcentral pennsylvania bureau of geological survey pennsylvania department of conservation and natural resources 2019 i. Semore seismic microseismic monitoring services and software. Seismic velocity model building in the gulf of mexico. Micro seismic image multistage hydraulic fracturing monitoring figure 4. Five seismic velocity models in the gulf of mexico are diagnosed using the diagnosis methods with up to six sets of borehole seismic data recorded in three wells.
Dipmeters and borehole images can be run in waterbased or oilbased mud. The imperial and coachella valleys are being formed by active platetectonic processes. Investigation of unstable slopes and wind turbine sites with. Conventional surface seismic refraction provides soil thicknesses away from the borehole and this information is incorporated into the subs image. Borehole measurements gridded in this way become new 3d images of subsurface properties. Geological survey usgs, seeks to understand, through seismic imaging, the structure of the earth surrounding the saf, including the sedimentary basins on which cities are built. In addition to standard products, we offer specialty. If more than one borehole is available then crosshole seismic imaging can also be done. Borehole seismic, challenges and solutions figure 3.
The improved borehole seismic instrumentation is now driving the. May 30, 2014 five seismic velocity models in the gulf of mexico are diagnosed using the diagnosis methods with up to six sets of borehole seismic data recorded in three wells. Borehole seismic quantitative diagnosis of a seismic. There are fundamental physical reasons why borehole seismic techniques can provide potentially better answers than conventional surface seismic techniques. Seismic imaging of reflectors in the sg4 borehole, middle urals, russia. Seismic traveltime tomography has been widely used in velocity estimation for seismic data processing and depth imaging. We turn geophysical data into actionable information. Borehole imaging is an integral part of todays exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs. Applications structural analysis, control of foundations.
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